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</a></div> <!----></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/docs/js/" aria-current="page" class="sidebar-link">介绍</a></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>JavaScript</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/docs/js/base/type-of-data.html" class="sidebar-link">JS 的数据类型</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/base/object.html" class="sidebar-link">JS 对象的常用属性</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/base/function.html" class="sidebar-link">函数 &amp; 原型链</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/base/dom-api.html" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">DOM API 总结</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/base/node-api.html" class="sidebar-link">节点 API 总结</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/base/node-list.html" class="sidebar-link">节点中的伪数组</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/base/dom-operate-across-threads.html" class="sidebar-link">DOM 操作跨线程</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/base/create-jquery.html" class="sidebar-link">jQuery 中的链式操作</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/base/plugin.html" class="sidebar-link">JavaScript 插件 / 库</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ES6</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/scope.html" class="sidebar-link">作用域</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/new-object.html" class="sidebar-link">新版对象</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/anatomy-assignment.html" class="sidebar-link">参数处理 &amp; 解构赋值</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/new-string.html" class="sidebar-link">新版字符串</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/module-use.html" class="sidebar-link">ES6 模块化</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/promise-usage.html" class="sidebar-link">Promise</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/await-and-async.html" class="sidebar-link">async 和 await 的用法</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/symbol-iterate-generate.html" class="sidebar-link">Symbol &amp; 迭代器 &amp; 生成器</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/arrow-function.html" class="sidebar-link">箭头函数</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/es6/new-api.html" class="sidebar-link">ES6 新增 API</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>JavaScript 进阶</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/docs/js/part/ajax-use.html" class="sidebar-link">AJAX</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/part/cross-domain.html" class="sidebar-link">跨域 &amp; CORS &amp; JSONP</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/part/browser-storage.html" class="sidebar-link">浏览器模型</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>JS 小记</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/docs/js/note/project.html" class="sidebar-link">JavaScript 搭建项目</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/note/js-garbage.html" class="sidebar-link">JS 的缺陷</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/note/setInterval-a-setTimeout.html" class="sidebar-link">使用 setTimeout 实现 setInterval</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/note/array-deduplica.html" class="sidebar-link">数组去重</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/note/download-file.html" class="sidebar-link">使用 JS 下载文件</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/note/top-nav.html" class="sidebar-link">设置导航动态显示 / 隐藏</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/note/anchor-transition.html" class="sidebar-link">JS 实现点击锚点过渡效果</a></li><li><a href="/docs/js/note/data-list.html" class="sidebar-link">数据处理</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </div></div><div class="el-scrollbar__bar is-horizontal"><div class="el-scrollbar__thumb" style="width:0;transform:translateX(0%);ms-transform:translateX(0%);webkit-transform:translateX(0%);"></div></div><div class="el-scrollbar__bar is-vertical"><div class="el-scrollbar__thumb" style="height:0;transform:translateY(0%);ms-transform:translateY(0%);webkit-transform:translateY(0%);"></div></div></div></aside> <main class="page"> <div class="re-page-top"><h1 class="title"><span>DOM API 总结</span></h1> <div class="re-page-index"><div class="page-index-title"><span class="open-catalog"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon arrow-right"><use xlink:href="#icon-bold-right"></use></svg> <span class="text">目录</span></span></div> <div class="page-index-content"><div class="page-catalog" style="display:none;"><div class="synopsis-wrap"><ul class="synopsis-ul"><li class="synopsis-li"><a href="/docs/js/base/dom-api.html#获取元素" class="synopsis-link">获取元素</a></li><li class="synopsis-li"><a href="/docs/js/base/dom-api.html#获取特定元素" class="synopsis-link">获取特定元素</a></li><li class="synopsis-li"><a href="/docs/js/base/dom-api.html#元素的六层原型链" class="synopsis-link">元素的六层原型链</a><ul class="synopsis-ul"><li class="synopsis-li"><a href="/docs/js/base/dom-api.html#关于节点" class="synopsis-link">关于节点</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h2 id="获取元素"><a href="#获取元素" class="header-anchor">#</a> 获取元素</h2> <p>语法</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>window<span class="token punctuation">.</span>id名  <span class="token comment">/* 通过id获取（无法获取与关键字冲突的id） */</span>
document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'id名'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment">/* 通过id获取 */</span>
document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'div'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment">/* 通过标签获取（伪数组） */</span>
document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementsByClassName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'part'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment">/* 通过class名获取（伪数组） */</span>
document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">querySelector</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'#id名'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">querySelectorAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.class名'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="获取特定元素"><a href="#获取特定元素" class="header-anchor">#</a> 获取特定元素</h2> <p>语法</p> <ul><li>获取html：<code>document.documentElement</code></li> <li>获取head：<code>document.head</code></li> <li>获取body：<code>document.body</code></li> <li>获取窗口：<code>window</code></li> <li>获取所有元素：<code>document.all</code></li> <li>获取当前焦点元素（focus）：<code>document.activeElement</code>。（如果当前没有焦点元素，返回<code>&lt;body&gt;</code>元素或null。）</li></ul> <div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">注意</p> <p>这里的<code>document.all</code>很奇葩，if 判定为 <code>false</code>，但它确实能获取所有元素。
原因主要是这是 IE 发明的一个 API (IE 乃万恶之源)，但是由于其他浏览器模仿跟进该 API，也添加了这个 API。
这样做就会出现一个问题，之前程序员只需要通过判断该 API 是否存在，来区分 IE 与其他浏览器，做兼容性代码，但现在所有浏览器都添加了这个 API，那么之前的代码就没办法区分 IE 浏览器了。于是其他浏览器就做了一个约定，约定<code>document.all</code>的执行结果是 <code>false</code>。</p></div> <h2 id="元素的六层原型链"><a href="#元素的六层原型链" class="header-anchor">#</a> 元素的六层原型链</h2> <p>使用 <code>console.dir()</code> 传入一个div，可以在控制台打印出一个 div 的结构。其中：</p> <ul><li><strong>第一层</strong> 原型指向 <code>HTMLDivElement.prototype</code> 表示所有 div 的共用属性。</li> <li><strong>第二层</strong> 原型指向 <code>HTMLElement.prototype</code> 表示所有 HTML 标签的共用属性。</li> <li><strong>第三层</strong> 原型指向 <code>Element.prototype</code> 表示所有元素的共用属性（元素包含HTML、XML、SVG等）。</li> <li><strong>第四层</strong> 原型指向 <code>Node.prototype</code> 表示所有节点的共用属性（Node）。</li> <li><strong>第五层</strong> 原型指向 <code>EventTarget.prototype</code> 其中有一个最重要的方法 <code>addEventListener</code>。</li> <li><strong>第六层</strong> 原型指向 <code>Object.prototype</code> 就是最底层的对象原型了。</li></ul> <h3 id="关于节点"><a href="#关于节点" class="header-anchor">#</a> 关于节点</h3> <p>节点（Node）的类型有很多种，通过节点的<code>nodeType</code>属性可以获得它的类型，如下</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> type <span class="token operator">=</span> node<span class="token punctuation">.</span>nodeType
</code></pre></div><p>常用的几种类型</p> <ul><li><code>1</code> 表示元素(Element)，也叫标签(Tag)</li> <li><code>3</code> 表示文本(Text)</li> <li><code>8</code> 表示注释(Comment)</li> <li><code>9</code> 表示文档(Document)</li> <li><code>10</code> 描述文档类型的(DocumentType)节点。例如 <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</code> 用于描述 HTML5 的文档类型。</li> <li><code>11</code> 表示文档片段 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">DocumentFragment<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul> <blockquote><p>MDN文档：<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Node/nodeType" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Node.nodeType<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p></blockquote></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新：</span><span class="time">2021-02-10 12:44</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon"><use xlink:href="#icon-left"></use></svg> <a href="/docs/js/base/function.html" class="prev">函数 &amp; 原型链</a></span> <span class="next"><a href="/docs/js/base/node-api.html">节点 API 总结</a> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon"><use xlink:href="#icon-right"></use></svg></span></p></div> </main></div><div class="global-ui"><!----><!----></div></div>
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